An Unusual Cause of Hypoxia: Ventricular Septal Defect, Pulmonary Artery Atresia, and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals Diagnosed in the Adult Cardiac Catheterization Lab
The association of pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and major aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCA) is an extreme form of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).It carries a high mortality risk if not intervened on during infancy with only baby moxxie 20% of unoperated patients surviving into adulthood.We present the case of a 40-year-old man who